Over the last decades, there has been considerable attention in industrialized countries given to the development of technologies that help reduce the consumption of energy and raw materials in product manufacturing processes. And metallurgical briquettes are helping to solve one of these problems.
Significant investments are also allocated for the development of production methods and equipment with the minimum adverse effect on the external environment. The problem of metallurgical waste recycling is one such problem.
The situation is especially acute in post-Soviet countries. Heavy industry enterprises in those countries have produced such large amounts of recyclables for many decades of their operation that the storage areas required for them amount to hundreds of thousands of hectares. For example, metallurgical waste covers more than 160,000 hectares in Ukraine.
Waste recycling not only helps to get rid of prodigious amounts of waste, but to increase the economic benefits of production as well. The most valuable recyclable materials in the steel industry are considered to be the following:
The small particle size of these materials is a difficulty in recycling such waste. That is why such raw materials are pelleted before reprocessing. Traditional methods of pelletizing are formation of pellets and sintering.
Insufficient efficiency is one of the disadvantages of the latter method. The pellet production requires strict compliance with the waste granulometric composition and moisture conditions, which makes it difficult to perform high-quality processing of recyclables.
Interest in metallurgical scrap briquetting technology has arisen due to such obstacles in the traditional methods of pelletizing metallurgical waste. This method has been actively used by leading enterprises over the past few years. Briquettes made of metallurgical waste are produced by thermal (hot) and cold (unfired) methods.
Hot briquetting has been used since the 1960s. Briquettes produced in this way have high strength in cold and hot states, excellent moisture resistance and reducibility. This method consists of the following production steps:
Hot briquetting has not become widespread due to the additional costs of preliminary scrap heat treatment, as well as the unsatisfactory operation of presses when interacting with hot raw materials.
The essence of this method is to press the waste with or without the use of binders of mineral, organic components. This briquetting option makes it possible to pelletize homogeneous and heterogeneous scrap of different moisture and particle size.
Advantages of cold briquetting:
The disadvantages of this method include a higher abrasion index compared to pellets and sinter, and less tolerance for thermal influence. Such disadvantages can be eliminated by optimizing the briquette composition, and correcting melting conditions in oxygen converters, as well as in electric- arc, low-shaft or blast furnaces.
Currently, many large foreign and domestic companies produce equipment for cold briquetting of metallurgical waste. This is due to the widespread use of material pelletized in this way. Metallurgical scrap waste briquettes are used as:
The available experience of melting briquettes includes many positive production examples. Because of this, briquetting is considered a highly efficient and reliable method of metallurgical waste pelletizing.
Currently, one of the main problems of the processing waste briquetting sector is the lack of clear finished product requirements. Industrial enterprises use individual classifications developed for their own needs.
So far, the most optimal system is the division of briquettes according to their purpose (suggested by I. F. Kurunov):
At the moment, there is work in progress to create clear regulations for the briquetting industry. Properties of raw materials, manufacturing conditions and models of the equipment used are taken into account. Such an approach will help to improve the briquette production process, to develop a comprehensive production approach and create analytical calculations to assess the quality of products being produced.
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Тел: +38 098 285 20 10
Sergey Kuzmenko
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